The Sovereign Knowledge Nexus: Industry-Education Integration and the Rise of a “Mode 3” Knowledge Production System in China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6914/iiej.040101Abstract
Abstract
This paper examines China's effort to construct an Independent Knowledge System (IKS) as part of its broader modernization strategy. Existing models such as the Triple Helix and Mode 2 knowledge production fall short of explaining the state-architected, sovereignty-driven logic of China's approach. Using Industry-Education Integration (IEI) as a case study, the paper introduces the Sovereign Knowledge Nexus (SKN) model and proposes the concept of Mode 3 knowledge production. Mode 3 is characterized by state orchestration, strategic validation, systemic fusion, and a dual circulation of knowledge, with the ultimate goal of achieving technological and theoretical sovereignty. This framework provides new insights into China's innovation model and its implications for global knowledge governance.